Methodology

The standards we check against, in plain English

Ordo scores every programme against two recognised standards — the global DCMA 14-point assessment and the UK's CIOB Planning Protocol 2021 — plus fourteen further integrity checks. You don't need to be a planner to understand any of them. Here's what each one looks for, why it matters, and the threshold a programme is held to.

The result is a single A–F grade, a CIOB PP21 compliance verdict, and every finding traced back to the activities behind it.

The DCMA 14-Point Assessment

The industry-standard health check, developed by the US Defense Contract Management Agency to tell, quickly and objectively, whether a schedule is built well enough to be trusted before anyone relies on its dates.

Is the logic sound?

Whether activities are properly joined up, so the programme reacts when something moves.

CHECK 1

Missing logic (open ends)

Every activity should have something before it and something after it. An activity with no predecessor or successor is "dangling" — if it slips, nothing downstream moves, so the programme quietly lies about the end date.

≤ 5% of activities
CHECK 2

Leads (negative lag)

A lead is a negative lag — telling a task to start before its predecessor finishes. It's almost always a modelling trick to force a date, and it distorts the critical path. There should be none.

0
CHECK 3

Lags

A lag is waiting time built into a link (e.g. "wait 14 days"). A few are legitimate — concrete curing, deliveries — but heavy use hides real work that should be a tracked activity.

≤ 5% of links
CHECK 4

Relationship types

Most links should be simple Finish-to-Start: finish one job, start the next. Too many Start-to-Start or Finish-to-Finish links make a programme hard to follow and often mask sequencing problems.

≥ 90% Finish-to-Start

Is it being driven by logic, or forced?

Whether dates fall out of the plan naturally, or are being held in place artificially.

CHECK 5

Hard constraints

A hard constraint pins an activity to a fixed date regardless of the logic. Used heavily, it hides slippage — the programme can't show a delay because the date is nailed down.

≤ 5% of activities
CHECK 6

High float

Float is spare time before an activity affects the end date. A lot of activities with very high float (over ~44 days) usually means missing logic — work that isn't properly joined into the network.

≤ 5% over 44 days
CHECK 7

Negative float

Negative float means an activity is already behind where the logic says it needs to be — the programme is telling you it can't hit a date. Any negative float needs explaining and resolving.

0

Are the durations and dates credible?

Whether the building blocks of the programme are realistic and clean.

CHECK 8

High duration

Very long activities (over ~44 working days) are hard to track and hide risk — you can't tell if a 60-day job is on course until it's too late. They should be broken into smaller pieces.

≤ 5% over 44 days
CHECK 9

Invalid dates

Forecast dates in the past, or actual dates in the future, relative to the data date (the "as-of" date of the update). These are data errors that make the whole update untrustworthy.

0
CHECK 10

Resources

If the programme is meant to be resource-loaded, every activity with a duration should carry the labour, plant or cost that drives it. Missing resources mean the plan isn't costed or levelled.

0 missing (if resourced)

Is it being delivered to plan?

Whether progress and the critical path stack up against the baseline.

CHECK 11

Missed tasks

Activities that have slipped past their baseline dates. A high missed count is the clearest early sign a programme is falling behind its original plan.

≤ 5% of activities
CHECK 12

Critical path test

A sanity check on the network: push a big delay into a critical activity and the finish date should move by the same amount. If it doesn't, the critical path is broken and can't be trusted.

must pass
CHECK 13

Critical Path Length Index (CPLI)

A ratio of how much time is needed versus how much is left. Above 1.0 is healthy; below means the remaining critical work has to run faster than planned just to hit the date.

≥ 0.95
CHECK 14

Baseline Execution Index (BEI)

The rate work is actually being completed versus the baseline plan. Below 0.95 means tasks are finishing slower than planned — a leading indicator of overall delay.

≥ 0.95

Beyond the 14 — where programmes really come unstuck

The 14-point pass is necessary but not sufficient. Ordo runs fourteen further integrity checks for the faults that quietly break a network even when the headline checks pass — including several that Asta Powerproject and other planning tools also flag.

Detached activities

Activities with no logic at all — floating free of the network.

Start-dangling

No real predecessor, so the task can drift earlier than it should.

Finish-dangling

No real successor, so a slip never pushes anything downstream.

Start-to-Finish links

The rarest link type, almost always a mistake when it appears.

Redundant logic

Links already implied by a longer path — clutter that hides the real drivers.

Out-of-sequence progress

Work reported done ahead of its predecessors — the logic no longer matches reality.

Oversized lags

Long waits buried in links instead of shown as trackable activities.

Merge hotspots

Many activities landing on one — risk concentrated on a single date.

Lags on the critical path

Unmanaged waiting time sitting directly on the completion date.

Milestones with duration

A milestone should be a moment, not a task with length.

As-Late-As-Possible overuse

Scheduling work to the last moment removes all contingency.

Unique activity names

Two activities sharing a name in one section — ambiguous in reports and claims.

Logic density

Too few links per activity — the network is under-developed.

Soft constraints

Non-hard date constraints that still pin dates logic should drive.

The CIOB Planning Protocol 2021 (PP21)

DCMA came out of US defence contracting. Closer to home, the Chartered Institute of Building publishes the Planning Protocol 2021 (CIOB PP21) — 15 pass/fail "Stress Tests" with tolerance thresholds. Ordo scores your programme against both, so you get the globally-recognised DCMA view and the UK professional-body view side by side.

PP21 is stricter in places — several tests are zero-tolerance (no hard constraints, no leads, no negative float). It's pass/fail by design: the protocol exists so a programme can be fairly rejected and reissued. For "Standard Projects" tests 4, 5 and 13 may be omitted; "Complex Projects" run all 15.

TEST 1

Logic links

No open ends — every activity tied in.

0
TEST 2

Negative lag

No link overlaps by a negative duration.

0
TEST 3

Lead

No Finish-Start link carrying a lead.

0
TEST 4

Logic type

Start-Start / Finish-Finish links kept low.

< 10%
TEST 5

Hard constraints

Dates driven by logic, not pinned.

0
TEST 6

Float

No total float over ~2 reporting periods.

≤ 44d
TEST 7

Negative float

Nothing already behind the logic.

0
TEST 8

Long durations

No activity over 44 working days.

0 over 44d
TEST 9

Invalid dates

Progress consistent with the data date.

0
TEST 10

Missed detail

Programme reflects the full scope.

≤ 10%
TEST 11

Key dates

Milestones for the dates that matter.

present
TEST 12

Calendars

Working calendars applied correctly.

reflective
TEST 13

Unique identifiers

Every activity has a unique ID.

0 dup
TEST 14

Rescheduling

The network recalculates cleanly.

recalculates
TEST 15

Critical path

A critical path to each completion.

≥ 1

See where your programme stands

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Further reading: the DCMA 14-point assessment is documented publicly by Stantec and TenSix, among others. Thresholds shown are the widely-used defaults; they can be tuned per contract or client standard.